A Look Back at History and Power
The silent crack of the Colt echoed through the early morning stillness. Sunlight, still struggling to pierce the dense canopy, played across the forest floor as a whitetail buck, unaware of the hunter’s presence, browsed peacefully. This wasn’t a scene ripped from the pages of the Old West, though the cartridge’s heritage certainly harkened back to those days. This was the modern hunter, embracing the history and power of the legendary .45 Long Colt, ready to test his skills and the cartridge’s enduring effectiveness.
This article is your in-depth guide to using .45 Long Colt ammo for deer hunting. We will explore the cartridge’s history, ballistics, and the best ammunition choices, as well as suitable firearms and hunting strategies. Our goal is to equip you with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions and hunt ethically and successfully with this classic round.
The .45 Long Colt, also known as the .45 Colt, is a cartridge that has a long and storied history, intimately linked to the development of the American West. Born in the mid-1870s, it was created for the Colt Single Action Army revolver, affectionately nicknamed “The Peacemaker.” It rapidly gained popularity among cowboys, lawmen, and outlaws alike. The cartridge quickly became a mainstay of the time, praised for its stopping power and reliability in the face of danger.
The .45 Long Colt, as it was then known, was designed to deliver a heavy bullet with relatively low velocity. This combination provided substantial impact at close range, crucial for self-defense and dealing with threats often encountered on the frontier. Its early development was heavily influenced by the need for a cartridge that could also be used in the new generation of rifles available, and so it found its way into the hands of various hunters.
Throughout the 20th century, the .45 Long Colt’s popularity waned. However, it experienced a remarkable resurgence in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, fueled by a growing interest in historical firearms, cowboy action shooting, and a recognition of its continued effectiveness. Modern advancements in bullet technology and propellant design have further enhanced the cartridge’s performance, making it a viable option for hunting various game, including deer.
Understanding the Ballistics
To effectively use .45 Long Colt ammo for deer hunting, it’s crucial to understand its ballistic characteristics. The .45 Long Colt is generally considered a short-range cartridge, which means the energy and accuracy drop off quickly at longer distances.
Typical bullet weights used for hunting deer generally range from 250 to 300 grains. Heavier bullets tend to retain more energy at longer distances, while lighter bullets can achieve slightly higher velocities. Muzzle velocities for modern factory loads often fall in the 800 to 1,100 feet per second range, depending on the bullet weight and powder used.
One of the crucial considerations when hunting with the .45 Long Colt is the effective range. A good maximum effective range is usually considered to be within one hundred yards for deer hunting. At this range, the bullet retains sufficient energy to penetrate deeply and cause significant tissue damage. This range may be even shorter depending on the load and the type of gun used. Beyond this distance, bullet drop becomes more pronounced, and the bullet’s velocity and energy diminish significantly.
Trajectory is also an important consideration. The .45 Long Colt has a relatively “loopy” trajectory, meaning the bullet curves downwards significantly over distance. This requires the hunter to carefully account for bullet drop when aiming at longer ranges. Knowing how much the bullet will drop at certain ranges is critical for accurate shot placement.
The energy delivered by a .45 Long Colt bullet is substantial at close range, making it an effective stopper. The energy a bullet carries is measured in foot-pounds (ft-lbs), and it impacts how much the bullet will penetrate and the damage it will cause. Properly placed shots with well-designed ammunition can consistently harvest deer effectively, even though the cartridge’s energy at the muzzle might seem modest compared to modern, high-velocity rifle cartridges.
Selecting the Right Ammo for the Hunt
Choosing the right .45 Long Colt ammo is critical for a successful and ethical deer hunt. Various bullet types and weights are available, each with its advantages and disadvantages.
Lead bullets, though historically used, aren’t ideal for modern deer hunting. While effective at close ranges, they may not expand reliably and are prone to deformation, which can limit penetration. Lead bullets also carry potential environmental concerns from lead contamination.
Jacketed hollow points (JHPs) are a popular choice. These bullets have a lead core enclosed in a copper jacket and a hollow point at the tip. They are designed to expand dramatically upon impact, creating a large wound channel and transferring maximum energy to the target. High-quality JHPs provide good expansion and penetration.
Solid copper bullets offer excellent penetration. These bullets are made entirely of copper, and they are designed to expand or mushroom upon impact, retaining a high percentage of their original weight. This results in deep penetration, making them well-suited for hunting deer in areas where thick brush and heavy cover may be present.
Consider the hunting scenario when selecting ammo. For open terrain, a JHP might be a good option, maximizing expansion. In thick brush, a solid copper bullet could be a better choice, offering superior penetration. Bullet weight should be chosen based on the game being hunted, distance, and the specific gun being used. The weight also affects drop and velocity.
Several reputable ammunition manufacturers offer .45 Long Colt loads specifically designed for hunting. These include Buffalo Bore, DoubleTap Ammunition, and Hornady. Buffalo Bore, for example, produces heavy-duty .45 Long Colt loads with hard-cast bullets and high velocities, designed for maximum penetration. DoubleTap offers various loads with JHPs and solid copper bullets, tailored for different hunting situations. Hornady also produces .45 Long Colt ammunition that uses their FTX bullets.
Choosing the Right Firearm
The .45 Long Colt is primarily chambered in revolvers and lever-action rifles, each offering distinct advantages for deer hunting.
Revolvers provide the hunter with a compact, easily carried option. Popular revolver models include the Ruger Blackhawk, known for its ruggedness and accuracy, and the Taurus Judge, which also chambers .410 shotshells. Considerations when choosing a revolver for deer hunting include the barrel length, which affects accuracy and velocity, the sights, which should be clear and easy to use, and the grip, which should feel comfortable and allow for proper control.
Lever-action rifles offer significant advantages over revolvers. They provide greater accuracy, increased effective range, and higher muzzle velocities. The increased barrel length in a rifle allows the .45 Long Colt cartridge to reach its full potential, delivering more energy downrange. Popular lever-action rifle models chambered in .45 Long Colt include the Marlin 1894 and the Henry Big Boy.
Hunting with the .45 Long Colt: Techniques for Success
Shot placement is paramount. Regardless of the ammunition or firearm used, the key to a clean and ethical kill is accurate shot placement. The best shot placement for deer is the vital organs, including the heart and lungs. Aim behind the shoulder, approximately one-third to one-half of the way up the body. This allows for the bullet to enter the chest cavity, where a precise strike will result in a quick and humane kill.
Range estimation is crucial. Accurately judging the distance to your target is critical when hunting with the .45 Long Colt. Bullet drop must be considered, and this is especially true for longer shots. Use a rangefinder to determine the exact distance to your target. Knowing the range allows you to adjust your aim accordingly, accounting for bullet drop and ensuring a precise shot.
Hunting strategies will vary based on the terrain and personal preference. Stalking, which involves slowly and cautiously moving through the woods, can be very effective in close-quarters hunting scenarios. When stalking, move slowly and deliberately, paying attention to wind direction. Stand hunting, where you wait in a tree stand or ground blind, is another effective strategy.
Ethical considerations are always a priority. Always prioritize a clean and ethical kill. If you’re not confident in your ability to make an accurate shot within the effective range of your firearm, don’t take the shot. Wait for a better opportunity or choose another game.
Safety First: A Guide to Responsible Hunting
Prioritize safe gun handling practices. Always treat every firearm as if it were loaded. Keep the muzzle pointed in a safe direction. Use the safety whenever it is available. Be certain of your target and what’s beyond it before pulling the trigger.
Proper storage of ammunition is essential. Store ammunition in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
Eye and ear protection are mandatory. Wear safety glasses to protect your eyes from injury. Use earplugs or earmuffs to protect your hearing from the loud report of firearms.
Be aware of all local hunting regulations. Always obtain the necessary licenses and permits. Understand the season dates, bag limits, and legal hunting methods.
The Advantages and Disadvantages
.45 Long Colt offers unique advantages and disadvantages for the deer hunter.
Advantages include effective stopping power at close ranges. The heavy bullets deliver a significant impact, capable of quickly incapacitating deer. The cartridge is versatile, chambered in both revolvers and lever-action rifles. Some hunters appreciate the classic nature of the cartridge, and the .45 Long Colt can be a great option for deer hunting in areas where high-powered rifles are restricted.
Disadvantages include its limited effective range. The bullet drop and energy loss at extended distances make this less than ideal for long-range hunting. The loopy trajectory requires careful aiming. Recoil can be significant, particularly with some of the heavier loads in lighter-weight firearms. The .45 Long Colt demands accurate shot placement.
Conclusion
The .45 Long Colt, while rooted in the history of the American West, still has a place in the modern deer hunter’s arsenal. With proper ammunition selection, a well-chosen firearm, and a commitment to ethical hunting practices, this classic cartridge can provide a challenging and rewarding hunting experience. Embrace the history of this legendary round and experience the satisfaction of hunting with a piece of Americana.
Enjoy the hunt, practice regularly, and be safe.
