Prioritizing Safety: The Bedrock of Reloading
Equipment Essentials
You’ll need a dedicated workspace and a collection of specialized tools, including a sturdy reloading press for the 7.62x39mm cartridge, a set of reloading dies specifically designed for this caliber, and a precise powder scale, digital is preferred, to accurately measure powder charges. A case trimmer is essential for maintaining consistent case lengths, along with a chamfering and deburring tool for case mouth preparation. A primer pocket cleaner is also crucial. You’ll also need a reloading block to hold your cases during processing.
Safety First: Personal Protective Measures
Always wear safety glasses to protect your eyes from flying debris and primer fragments. Eye protection is non-negotiable. Hearing protection, such as ear muffs or earplugs, is also mandatory to protect your hearing from the loud sounds of the reloading process and, of course, from shooting your reloaded rounds. Gloves are often recommended, especially when handling lead or cleaning solvents.
The Safe Zone: Your Workspace
Reload in a well-ventilated area, away from flammable materials. A clean, organized workspace reduces the risk of errors. Ensure adequate lighting so you can clearly see the components and read your scales. Avoid distractions, and never reload while under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
Deconstructing the 7.62x39mm Cartridge
Brass Casings: The Foundation
The brass casing acts as the container that holds the powder and bullet. Before reloading, carefully inspect your casings for any signs of damage, such as cracks, dents, or bulges. These defects can compromise the integrity of the loaded round. Cleaning the cases is necessary, and there are numerous methods, from simple tumbling to sophisticated ultrasonic cleaning.
Resizing and Trimming: Maintaining Consistency
Resizing the case is a critical step. The resizing die brings the expanded brass back to the correct dimensions, ensuring proper chambering in your firearm. The case trimmer is then used to trim the case to the proper length, typically stated in your reloading manual. Consistent case length is key to consistent performance.
Primers: Igniting the Charge
Primers are small, percussion-sensitive devices that initiate the ignition process. When the firing pin strikes the primer, it detonates, igniting the powder. The 7.62x39mm often uses small rifle primers, but always consult your reloading manual for specific recommendations.
Powders: The Propulsion Source
The powder you select is the fuel that propels the bullet downrange. Several powders are commonly used for the 7.62x39mm. The choice of powder significantly impacts the bullet’s velocity, pressure, and overall performance. The ideal powder for your specific application will depend on factors such as bullet weight, desired velocity, and barrel length.
Bullets: The Projectile
The bullet is the projectile that leaves the barrel. A wide range of bullet types is available for the 7.62x39mm, from full metal jacket (FMJ) bullets for general target shooting to soft-point (SP) or hollow-point (HP) bullets designed for hunting or other specific purposes. The bullet weight also matters. Consider the purpose of your rounds, hunting, target shooting, or defensive use, to pick the appropriate bullet weight.
Choosing the Right Powder
Selecting the correct powder is crucial for achieving safe and accurate loads in the 7.62x39mm. The burn rate of a powder, along with the bullet weight, are major considerations. The burn rate describes how quickly the powder burns. Slower-burning powders generally produce higher velocities, but they also generate more pressure.
Powder Examples
Some of the powders most commonly used include Hodgdon H335, IMR 4198, and Accurate 1680. Each powder has its own characteristics. For example, Hodgdon H335 is a ball powder known for its versatility, while IMR 4198 is a slower-burning extruded powder often favored for lighter bullet weights. Accurate 1680 is a slower burning powder specifically designed for the 7.62x39mm. Always consult a reloading manual and follow load data recommendations for the specific powder, bullet, and primer you choose.
Bullet Considerations
Bullet selection is critical. Bullet weight is a significant factor.
Bullet Weight’s Role
The 7.62x39mm is commonly loaded with bullets ranging from around one hundred and twenty-three grains to one hundred and fifty grains. Lighter bullets will typically produce higher velocities but may be less effective at longer ranges. Heavier bullets offer better sectional density but might result in lower velocities.
Bullet Construction
Different bullet designs serve different purposes. Full metal jacket bullets are ideal for target practice. Soft-point bullets are designed to expand upon impact, making them effective for hunting. Hollow-point bullets offer rapid expansion and are often favored for self-defense applications.
Understanding Load Data Sources
Before you begin reloading, you *must* familiarize yourself with reliable sources of load data. The information presented in this article is for educational purposes. *Always* refer to published reloading manuals from reputable sources such as the Hodgdon, Sierra, Speer, and Lyman reloading manuals. You can often find updated data on the powder and bullet manufacturers’ websites, but always cross-reference this with multiple sources.
Interpreting Load Data Tables
Load data tables provide a wealth of information. They typically include the following:
- Powder Type: The specific powder recommended for that load.
- Bullet Weight: The weight of the bullet in grains.
- Primer Type: The recommended primer.
- Case: The brand or type of brass used in testing.
- Start Load: The minimum powder charge (in grains) for safe loading. *Start with this charge.*
- Maximum Load: The maximum powder charge (in grains) to avoid excessive pressure. *Never exceed this charge.*
- Velocity: The approximate muzzle velocity of the loaded round.
- Cartridge Overall Length (COAL): The overall length of the assembled cartridge, which is critical for ensuring proper chambering.
- Warnings: Important notes about specific loads or potential hazards.
The Reloading Process: A Step-by-Step Guide
Once you have your components and your load data, it’s time to begin reloading. Remember to work slowly and methodically.
Case Preparation: Readying the Brass
Begin by thoroughly inspecting and cleaning your cases. Then, resize the cases using your resizing die. Trim the cases to the correct length, using a case trimmer. Make sure the case mouths are deburred and chamfered to allow for smooth bullet seating.
Priming: Seating the Primer
Insert the primer into the primer pocket using a priming tool or your reloading press. Seat the primer firmly, but do not crush it. The primer should be flush with or slightly below the case head.
Powder Charging: Measuring the Fuel
Carefully measure the correct powder charge using your powder scale. Pour the powder into the case. Ensure that you use an accurate scale and avoid spilling or overcharging.
Bullet Seating: Placing the Projectile
Seat the bullet into the case using your bullet seating die. Set the seating depth to match the COAL specified in your load data. Ensure the bullet is seated straight in the case.
Crimping (If Applicable): Securing the Bullet
Some loads require crimping the case mouth around the bullet. Follow the instructions for your chosen bullet type and loading data. Crimping helps to ensure consistent bullet release and helps prevent bullet movement.
Final Inspection and Checks
Before proceeding, carefully inspect each loaded round. Ensure the bullet is seated correctly, the COAL is within the specified range, and the case is free of any defects.
Troubleshooting: Handling Common Issues
Even with careful reloading practices, you might encounter issues. Knowing how to diagnose and address these problems is crucial.
Signs of Overpressure
Overpressure can be a serious hazard. Common signs of overpressure include flattened primers, bulging case heads, difficulty extracting the spent case, and excessive recoil. If you notice any of these signs, immediately stop reloading and review your load data. Reduce the powder charge.
Failure to Fire or Extraction Problems
These issues may result from a variety of factors, including a faulty primer, insufficient powder, or improper seating of the primer. Ensure the primer is properly seated. If there’s a failure to fire, you might need to replace the primer. If extraction problems occur, check that your cases are clean and properly sized.
Accuracy Problems
Accuracy issues can arise from many factors. Incorrect powder charge, poor bullet seating, or inconsistent case preparation.
Advanced Reloading Considerations
Once you’ve mastered the basics, you might want to explore more advanced reloading techniques.
Working Up a Load Safely
When developing a new load, start with the minimum powder charge specified in your load data. Gradually increase the charge, in small increments, and watch for pressure signs.
Chronographing: Measuring Velocity
Using a chronograph will allow you to measure the muzzle velocity of your reloads. This helps to confirm that your loads are within the expected velocity range and can identify potential problems.
Ammunition Storage and Handling
Store your loaded ammunition in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures. Handle your ammunition with care and always treat firearms as if they are loaded.
In Conclusion
Reloading for the 7.62x39mm offers a rewarding experience. By following a careful, meticulous approach, you can develop accurate, reliable ammunition that perfectly suits your needs. Remember that safety is the most important aspect of reloading. Always consult reliable load data sources, start with the minimum recommended loads, and work your way up carefully, while continuously observing for any signs of excessive pressure. Continue your learning and research, and approach reloading as an ongoing pursuit of knowledge and skill.
Final Reminder: Reloading ammunition inherently carries risks. Always approach this practice with caution and knowledge.
