Understanding the Foundations: The Building Blocks of a Double Barrel Shotgun
Types and Variations
There are two primary configurations of double barrel shotguns: the side-by-side (SxS) and the over-under (O/U). The side-by-side features two barrels arranged horizontally, side-by-side, as their name implies. Over-under shotguns, as the name suggests, feature two barrels stacked vertically, one atop the other.
The Core Components
Regardless of their layout, all double barrel shotguns share fundamental components. The *barrels* are the heart of the firearm, where the shot travels. The *action*, which houses the firing mechanism and locks the barrels securely, is often the most complex part. The *stock* provides the shooter with a comfortable grip. The *fore-end* is a piece of wood or other material secured to the barrels. The *triggers* initiate the firing sequence, while the *ejectors or extractors* are responsible for removing the spent cartridges.
A Brief History
The double barrel shotgun’s lineage traces back centuries, evolving from early muzzle-loading designs. The development of breech-loading mechanisms revolutionized the design, making them quicker to load and reload. The late 19th and early 20th centuries witnessed a surge in their popularity, with manufacturers in Europe and America perfecting their craftsmanship.
Gauges and Calibers
These shotguns come in a variety of gauges, with the most common being twelve, sixteen, and twenty gauge. Gauge refers to the bore diameter.
Deciphering the Markings: The Language of Manufacturers and Proof Houses
Manufacturer’s Marks
Manufacturers, whether they were major companies or small regional gunsmiths, typically placed their name, trademark, or logo on their firearms. The location of these marks can vary, but often they are found on the barrels near the breech, on the receiver, or on the water table.
Proof Marks
Proof marks are among the most important markings. They indicate that the firearm has been tested to withstand a certain level of pressure. These marks vary significantly depending on the country of origin. British proof marks often feature a crown over various symbols. Belgian marks frequently include the “ELG” in an oval. German proof marks have their own style, including the “crown over N” marking.
Serial Numbers
Serial numbers are another crucial piece. By comparing the serial number with existing records, it may be possible to determine the date of manufacture. Serial numbers are typically found on the receiver, often on the underside or the water table, and sometimes on the barrels.
Unveiling the Action: Dissecting the Heart of the Shotgun
Action Types Explained
There are several main types. The boxlock is a relatively simple and robust design, with the firing mechanism housed within the receiver body. The sidelock features the mechanism mounted on sideplates. Hammer shotguns are a traditional design where external hammers are manually cocked before firing. Hammerless shotguns feature internal hammers.
Identifying the Action
To identify the type of action, examine the receiver closely. Look at the sides of the receiver. Are there sideplates? This is a characteristic of the sidelock. Are there external hammers? This determines a hammer shotgun. Is the action very streamlined with minimal external components? Likely, it is a boxlock.
The Relationship between Action and Value
Generally, the more intricate and complex actions, such as sidelocks, are associated with higher-grade shotguns and can significantly increase their value. Hammer shotguns can also be valuable.
Beyond the Metal: Appraising Physical Features and Construction
Wood and Finish
The type of wood and the finish applied can speak volumes. High-grade shotguns often boast stocks crafted from fine walnut. The finish, whether oil-based or varnish, also provides clues to the era and the maker.
Engraving and Decoration
Engraving, checkering, inlays, and other decorative elements can significantly impact value. These details provide clues to the level of craftsmanship, the intended use, and the time period when it was created.
Barrel Length and Choke
Barrel length influences the shotgun’s balance. Chokes, devices that constrict the end of the barrel, affect the spread of the shot pattern. The presence and type of choke can help determine the shotguns use.
Stock Styles and Materials
The style of the stock, such as straight grip or pistol grip, as well as the material used, can inform the value and era of the gun.
Unearthing Time: The Importance of Dating Your Shotgun
Leveraging Marks and Serial Numbers
Utilize the markings discussed earlier to narrow down the manufacturing date. Manufacturer information can provide information on the time period the gun was manufactured, and serial numbers can also reveal production dates.
Consulting with Experts
Reach out to firearms experts, gunsmiths, or historians who specialize in antique shotguns. These experts can analyze your shotgun and provide you with an accurate assessment.
Historical Catalogs and Resources
Many manufacturers produced catalogs, which included the features and prices of their guns, and these catalogs can sometimes be found in libraries or online. Gun reference books also often provide information and the approximate production date of the firearm.
Researching Manufacturer Histories
Dive into the history of the manufacturer. Some companies have been in business for decades, and the periods of operations can give insight into the era in which a gun was produced.
Resources for Information
Many websites are devoted to helping people learn about firearms and their manufacturers.
Safety First: Handling Antique Shotguns with Respect
Prioritizing Gun Safety
Always treat every firearm as if it is loaded. Follow all safety rules to the letter, and never point the firearm at anything you do not intend to shoot.
Safe Storage
Store the shotgun securely, unloaded, and in a location that is inaccessible to unauthorized individuals.
Inspection and Repairs
Do not attempt to fire an antique double barrel shotgun without a thorough inspection by a qualified gunsmith.
