A Foundation of Safety
Clear the Chamber
The very first step in How To Disassemble An AR-15, and indeed any firearm procedure, is to unequivocally confirm that the weapon is unloaded. This means pointing the muzzle in a safe direction, away from anyone or anything you wouldn’t want to accidentally shoot. Pull the charging handle to the rear and physically and visually inspect the chamber. Ensure there is no ammunition present.
Remove the Magazine
Eject the magazine.
Double-Check
Once the magazine is out and the bolt is locked back, physically inspect the chamber again. Consider manually cycling the action a few times to ensure there are no rounds inadvertently loaded.
Gathering the Essentials for Disassembly
Having the right tools and a suitable workspace significantly streamlines the process of How To Disassemble An AR-15. Here’s a list of what you’ll need:
Cleaning Rod and Brush
Essential for cleaning the bore (the inside of the barrel).
Lubricant
A quality firearm lubricant is crucial for reducing friction and preventing wear.
Cleaning Solvent
Used to dissolve carbon buildup and other contaminants.
Cleaning Patches
Used to apply solvent, clean the bore, and dry the components.
Punch Set
A set of punches (typically made of brass or nylon) are used to remove pins.
Small Hammer (Optional)
Sometimes gentle tapping is needed to remove stubborn pins.
Gun Vice or Stable Work Surface (Recommended)
Securing the firearm makes the disassembly process much safer and easier. A sturdy work surface is also essential.
Eye Protection
Always wear eye protection to guard against flying debris.
Work Mat
Protects your components from scratches and keeps your workspace organized.
Preparing Your Workspace
A clean and well-organized workspace contributes to a safe and successful disassembly. Select a well-lit area, preferably with ample room to spread out your components. Protect your work surface with a mat to prevent scratches and keep small parts from rolling away. Ensure you have good lighting so you can see clearly throughout the process of learning How To Disassemble An AR-15. Keep cleaning supplies and tools within easy reach, and avoid distractions.
Separating the Upper and Lower Receivers
This is the first major step in How To Disassemble An AR-15.
Remove the Magazine
Make absolutely certain the magazine is out.
Open the Action
Pull the charging handle to the rear. Inspect the chamber visually and physically to ensure it’s empty. The bolt should remain locked back.
Push Out the Takedown Pin
Locate the takedown pin at the rear of the lower receiver, where the upper and lower receivers connect. Push this pin out. It may be necessary to use a punch and a small hammer to get it moving initially, though in most cases, finger pressure is sufficient.
Push Out the Pivot Pin
At the front of the lower receiver, find the pivot pin. Push out the pin in the same manner. The upper receiver should now separate from the lower receiver. The upper receiver will now be able to separate from the lower receiver. At this point, be sure to prevent the spring from the buffer and buffer retainer from ejecting.
Disassembling the Upper Receiver Components
With the upper and lower receivers separated, you can now address the components of the upper receiver.
Remove the Charging Handle
Pull the charging handle completely to the rear, then upward and out of the upper receiver.
Remove the Bolt Carrier Group
The bolt carrier group (BCG) consists of the bolt carrier, the bolt, and various internal components. With the charging handle removed, the BCG can be withdrawn from the rear of the upper receiver. Simply slide the BCG forward and out.
Disassembling the Lower Receiver Components (Optional)
For more thorough cleaning, you can disassemble some of the lower receiver components. This is an optional step.
Removing the Pistol Grip (Optional)
Unscrew the screw that secures the pistol grip to the lower receiver. The pistol grip should come off.
Removing the Buffer Tube (Optional)
Unscrew the buffer tube from the lower receiver. This might require a special wrench made for this specific purpose.
Removing the Bolt Catch (Optional)
Use a punch to push out the roll pin that holds the bolt catch in place. Carefully remove the bolt catch spring, the bolt catch, and the bolt catch plunger.
Removing the Safety Selector (Optional)
With the lower receiver separated from the upper, the safety selector can be removed.
Breaking Down the Bolt Carrier Group (For Advanced Cleaning)
The BCG is the heart of the AR-15’s operation. For a thorough cleaning, you might want to fully disassemble it.
Remove the Firing Pin Retaining Pin
This small pin secures the firing pin within the bolt carrier. Using a punch, push this pin out.
Remove the Firing Pin
Once the retaining pin is removed, you can slide the firing pin out from the rear of the bolt carrier.
Remove the Cam Pin
This pin aligns the bolt for the rotating action and allows the firing pin to strike the primer. Rotate the bolt slightly, then lift the cam pin out of the bolt carrier.
Remove the Bolt
Pull the bolt out of the bolt carrier.
Disassembling the Upper Receiver Further (For Advanced Cleaning)
For more in-depth cleaning or maintenance, you may also consider disassembling the upper receiver itself.
Removing the Handguard
Depending on the type of handguard you have (quad rail, M-LOK, KeyMod, etc.), the removal process will vary. Consult the manufacturer’s instructions or online resources specific to your handguard. Typically, you will need to unscrew or release some type of locking mechanism.
Removing the Gas Block
If you need to clean or replace the gas block, you must first loosen or remove the set screws that secure it to the barrel.
Removing the Muzzle Device
Loosen the muzzle device, such as a flash hider or muzzle brake, using the appropriate wrench.
Reassembly: Reversing the Process
Reassembling your AR-15 is simply a matter of reversing the disassembly steps. Take your time, and ensure each component is correctly positioned.
Reassembling the Bolt Carrier Group
Insert the bolt into the bolt carrier, install the cam pin, insert the firing pin, and secure it with the firing pin retaining pin.
Reassembling the Lower Receiver Components
Install the safety selector if removed and reinstall the bolt catch with the bolt catch plunger and spring, secured by the roll pin. Reinstall the buffer tube, if removed, and finally reattach the pistol grip.
Reattaching the Upper Receiver
Ensure the buffer and buffer retainer are seated properly. Align the upper and lower receivers and insert the pivot and takedown pins.
Perform a Function Check
After reassembly, conduct a thorough function check. Make sure the charging handle operates smoothly. Ensure the trigger functions correctly. Engage and disengage the safety selector to verify its operation. Cycle the action with an empty magazine to confirm it operates as intended.
Cleaning and Maintenance: The Key to Longevity
Regular cleaning and maintenance are crucial for preserving your AR-15’s performance and extending its lifespan.
Cleaning the Bore
Use the cleaning rod, brush, and patches to thoroughly clean the bore. Apply cleaning solvent to the brush, scrub the bore, and then run clean patches through it until they come out clean.
Cleaning the Bolt Carrier Group
Disassemble the BCG and clean all components with solvent and a brush. Pay particular attention to removing carbon buildup.
Lubrication
Apply a light coat of firearm lubricant to moving parts, such as the bolt carrier, bolt, and buffer tube. Refer to your firearm’s manual to identify the best places to apply lubricant.
Preventative Maintenance
Inspect your AR-15 regularly for wear and tear. Tighten any loose screws or components. Check for signs of corrosion.
Cleaning Frequency
How often you clean your AR-15 depends on how frequently you use it. After each shooting session is ideal, especially if you fired many rounds.
Dealing with Potential Issues
Even with careful disassembly and reassembly, you might encounter some common issues.
Failure to Feed
This can be caused by magazine problems, a dirty chamber, or a worn bolt carrier.
Failure to Extract
This can stem from a dirty chamber, a broken extractor, or faulty ammunition.
Failure to Eject
Often relates to the extractor or ejector.
Light Primer Strikes
May be caused by a dirty firing pin channel, or a broken firing pin.
Careful inspection and knowledge of the system can greatly assist in diagnosis and correction. For serious issues, always consult with a qualified gunsmith.
Wrapping It Up
Successfully learning How To Disassemble An AR-15 is an essential skill for any AR-15 owner. By following these steps, you can confidently disassemble, clean, and maintain your rifle. Remember to always prioritize safety, double-check your work, and seek professional help when necessary.
Regular practice will increase your comfort level with the process. With the proper knowledge and careful practice, you’ll become proficient at disassembling and assembling your AR-15. By learning How To Disassemble An AR-15, you’re on your way to a fulfilling experience in the world of firearms.
