Introduction
The frustrating click, the unresponsive action, and the sinking feeling that something’s wrong. Anyone who enjoys the sport of shooting or relies on a shotgun for home defense knows this feeling all too well. It’s a moment that can derail a shooting session, disrupt a hunting trip, or, in a worst-case scenario, compromise safety. One of the most common and, at times, perplexing of these malfunctions is an **internal jam in shotgun barrel when assembling shotgun**. This article will delve into the intricacies of this problem, providing a comprehensive guide to understanding the causes, implementing preventative measures, and offering practical solutions to get your shotgun back up and running safely and efficiently.
Shotguns, known for their raw power and versatility, are a staple in the world of firearms. From clay shooting to hunting waterfowl to home defense, their widespread use demands a thorough understanding of their mechanics. While generally reliable, these firearms are not immune to malfunctions. Issues can arise due to a variety of factors, from ammunition problems to wear and tear. Internal jams, particularly those encountered during assembly, are a frustrating challenge, but with proper knowledge, they can be understood, addressed, and, most importantly, prevented. This guide aims to equip you with the necessary information to handle this common problem confidently.
What exactly constitutes an **internal jam** in the context of a shotgun? It refers to any obstruction that prevents the smooth cycling of ammunition or the safe operation of the firing mechanism *within the confines of the barrel itself*. This can manifest in various ways: a stuck shell, a piece of debris lodged in the bore, or a physical obstruction that blocks the passage of the projectile. Unlike external malfunctions, an internal jam directly affects the barrel and can be a significant safety concern.
Understanding the ramifications of an internal jam is crucial for several reasons. First and foremost, it’s a matter of safety. A blocked barrel creates a dangerous situation. Firing a shotgun with a blocked barrel can cause a catastrophic failure, leading to injury or even death. Secondly, it directly impacts functionality. A jammed shotgun is, effectively, useless until the problem is resolved. Being able to quickly diagnose and resolve an internal jam is crucial for maintaining the firearm’s operational readiness. Finally, it’s an investment in the longevity of your firearm. Recurring jams can indicate underlying problems that, if left unaddressed, can cause further damage to the shotgun.
While this article focuses on *internal* jams, it is helpful to quickly differentiate them from other common shotgun malfunctions. *Failure to feed* refers to the inability of the shotgun to load a round from the magazine or tube into the chamber. *Failure to eject* occurs when a spent shell casing remains in the chamber and does not eject properly. These problems, while frustrating, are distinct from *internal jams* which primarily affect the barrel.
Where Problems Arise During Assembly
The process of assembling a shotgun, though seemingly straightforward, is a critical juncture where internal jams often occur. This is when various components are brought together, creating opportunities for misalignment, obstructions, and mechanical interference.
One significant cause is *improper assembly technique*. Often, the rush to get a shotgun ready leads to carelessness. This can involve *forcing components* together, applying excessive pressure to parts that don’t quite fit. This can create a scenario where a shell gets caught, or the mechanism experiences undue stress. Careful alignment, checking for proper seating and a gentle approach are paramount during assembly.
Then, there’s the *incorrect orientation of components*. Shotguns, especially semi-automatic models, have numerous moving parts, and even a slight misalignment can cause a jam. This may mean a shell fails to seat properly in the chamber or an obstruction is introduced when the bolt carrier group is reassembled. Familiarize yourself with your shotgun’s manual and ensure that each part is correctly placed.
Another critical factor is *neglecting lubrication*. Adequate lubrication of moving parts is essential for the smooth operation of a shotgun. A dry or improperly lubricated firearm can lead to increased friction, causing jams. This is especially true during assembly, when metal parts are coming into contact for the first time after a cleaning or maintenance cycle.
Obstructions Within the Barrel
A second major category of causes surrounds *obstructions within the barrel itself*. Unfortunately, even the most meticulous shooters can experience this issue.
*Debris* is a common culprit. This can include anything from small pieces of a cleaning patch left behind after a cleaning to dirt and dust that accumulates during storage. The bore of the barrel can act as a perfect collection point for foreign matter, which will inevitably interfere with the smooth movement of the projectile and shell.
*Leading or fouling* can also cause an internal jam. Lead buildup occurs as lead projectiles scrape against the barrel walls during firing. Over time, this buildup can accumulate, narrowing the bore and creating an obstruction. Regular cleaning and the use of proper cleaning solvents and techniques are essential to combat this.
A *damaged barrel* is another critical concern. Dents, bulges, or any other deformities in the barrel’s bore can prevent the shell from moving freely. These problems often require professional gunsmith intervention, and shooting with a damaged barrel can be incredibly dangerous.
Sometimes you may experience a *stuck wad* after firing. This can occur if the wad used to hold the shot is not pushed out completely from the barrel after firing. This can create an obstruction, and prevent the chamber from being properly loaded.
Ammunition Issues
Next, we have to consider the *ammunition*:
*Defective shells* are another contributing factor. A shell that’s damaged, has an improper crimp, or is simply manufactured incorrectly, can cause all sorts of malfunctions. Always use quality ammunition from a reputable manufacturer. Before loading, closely inspect each shell for visible defects.
*Swollen or oversized shells* may struggle to chamber properly. This can be caused by improper storage conditions, or they may have simply been manufactured with incorrect dimensions. If a shell is noticeably difficult to chamber, or doesn’t seat fully, it may indicate a problem.
Using the *incorrect shell type* can also lead to issues. Each shotgun has a specific chamber dimension, and using a shell that doesn’t match that dimension can lead to problems.
Component Problems
Finally, issues within the *components themselves* might be at fault:
*Worn or broken extractors*, which are the mechanisms responsible for removing spent shells from the chamber, can cause a jam if they fail to grip the shell rim properly.
*Worn or broken ejectors*, which are responsible for kicking the shell out of the action, can lead to failure to eject.
Strategies for Prevention: Staying Ahead of Problems
Preventing an **internal jam in shotgun barrel when assembling shotgun** is far more desirable than dealing with one. Proactive measures, practiced regularly, can significantly reduce the likelihood of these malfunctions.
One of the most important steps is *proper assembly techniques*. Always prioritize a careful, methodical approach. Study the manufacturer’s manual and thoroughly familiarize yourself with the assembly process.
Before assembling, perform a *visual inspection* of all the components. Check for any signs of damage, wear and tear. This applies to shells as well. Identify and discard any components that appear questionable.
*Slow and careful assembly* is key. Don’t rush the process. Take your time, ensuring that each component is correctly aligned and properly seated.
*Checking for obstructions* before assembly can be a game-changer. Using a bore light (or even shining a strong flashlight through the chamber) to inspect the barrel’s bore can easily reveal any debris or obstructions.
Cleaning and Maintenance
*Regular cleaning and maintenance* is also an integral part of preventing jams.
*Regular barrel cleaning* is essential. After each shooting session, carefully clean the barrel to remove any fouling or lead buildup. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions and use appropriate cleaning tools and solvents.
*Component lubrication* should be performed after cleaning. This helps prevent friction and corrosion. Use a lubricant specifically designed for firearms, applying a thin coat to the necessary parts.
*Inspection of parts* for damage during cleaning is essential. If you see anything that doesn’t look correct, address it.
*Storage* can also prevent problems. Store your shotgun in a clean, dry place.
Ammunition Practices
*Choosing quality ammunition* cannot be overstated. Using reliable shells from reputable manufacturers reduces the risk of malfunctions.
Use the *appropriate shells* for the gun. Make sure that the shells are the right length and gauge.
Always practice and implement *safety considerations*. Safety glasses and gloves should be worn during assembly, cleaning, and use.
Troubleshooting and Solutions: What to Do if a Jam Occurs
Even with the best preventive measures, jams can still occur. Knowing how to safely and effectively troubleshoot is a vital skill.
*Safety First* is the paramount priority. Immediately make the firearm safe. Point the muzzle in a safe direction, remove any ammunition from the area, and ensure the safety is engaged.
Next, *identifying the type of jam* is crucial. Determine whether it’s an internal jam or another malfunction. This can be done by trying to open the action, and checking the barrel for any obvious signs of obstruction.
Clearing the Jam
*Clearing the jam* safely and methodically.
Try to *open the action*. Sometimes, a slight manipulation of the bolt, or the application of gentle pressure on the shell, will be enough to dislodge the obstruction.
A *clearing rod* can often be used to remove a lodged shell or piece of debris. Use a rod designed specifically for the gauge of your shotgun and insert it carefully from the muzzle end. Tap the rod gently to remove the obstruction.
*Disassembling the shotgun*, if necessary, may be the next step. If you’re comfortable with the process, and the jam cannot be cleared by the other methods, you can disassemble the shotgun according to the manufacturer’s instructions. This will provide better access to the obstructed area. But proceed cautiously. If you’re not familiar with the disassembly process, it’s best to consult a gunsmith.
*Professional assistance* is warranted if you are unable to clear the jam safely or if you suspect a more serious issue, such as damage to the barrel or internal components. A qualified gunsmith has the expertise and tools to diagnose and repair the problem.
Conclusion
Understanding and preventing **internal jam in shotgun barrel when assembling shotgun** is a fundamental aspect of responsible gun ownership and the safe use of shotguns. From the initial steps of assembly to regular cleaning and maintenance, a proactive approach is vital. By following the guidelines discussed in this article, shooters can significantly reduce the likelihood of these malfunctions, ensuring a safer and more enjoyable shooting experience. Consistent practice, careful attention to detail, and a commitment to proper firearm care are the cornerstones of a well-functioning shotgun and a safe shooter.
Remember to prioritize safety above all else. If you are ever unsure about how to handle a malfunction, always seek assistance from a qualified gunsmith. The knowledge and skills gained by understanding the intricacies of your firearm are paramount to its proper use.
