An Overview of the Mossberg 500 Family
History and Development
The crisp air of a fall morning, the rustling leaves underfoot, and the anticipation building as a covey of quail bursts from the brush. For many, the perfect companion for such moments is a reliable shotgun, and the Mossberg 500 20 Gauge often tops the list. But this isn’t just a shotgun for hunters; its versatility makes it a practical choice for various needs, from home defense to sport shooting.
The Mossberg 500 series has earned a reputation for its robustness, dependability, and affordability, making it a favorite among shooters for generations. Its pump-action design, simple yet effective, contributes to its long-lasting reliability. This guide delves specifically into the 20 Gauge variant, exploring its features, advantages, and the many ways it can be employed.
The Pump-Action Design
The story of the Mossberg 500 begins in the late 1950s, conceived as a durable and cost-effective shotgun to compete with the established players in the market. The genius of the design lay in its simplicity and the materials used. Built around a robust steel receiver, the shotgun could withstand the rigors of repeated use and various environmental conditions.
One of the defining features of the Mossberg 500 is its pump-action mechanism. This design relies on the user’s manual action to cycle the firearm. By manually pulling the fore-end towards the shooter and then pushing it forward, the spent shell is ejected, and a fresh round is loaded from the magazine into the chamber. This simplicity not only increases reliability, as there are fewer mechanical components that can fail, but also allows the shooter to choose between different types of ammunition with ease.
Reliability and Durability
The Mossberg 500’s reputation for durability is well-deserved. Its rugged construction makes it a trusted tool in the field, whether used for hunting, target shooting, or personal protection. This gun is built to last, often passed down through families, becoming a cherished heirloom. The ability to withstand harsh weather conditions and constant use is a significant factor in its enduring popularity.
Model Variations
The Mossberg 500 family offers a variety of different gauges and configurations. While the 12 Gauge is the most prevalent, the 20 Gauge holds a special place for its balance of power and manageable recoil. The 20 Gauge provides a significant advantage over a smaller bore while presenting less recoil and weight compared to a 12 Gauge. This makes it an excellent choice for a wider variety of users.
Examining the Features and Specifications of the Mossberg 500 20 Gauge
Gauge and Chambering
Let’s take a closer look at what makes the Mossberg 500 20 Gauge a standout option. The term “Gauge” refers to the bore diameter of the shotgun. The 20 Gauge uses shells that are slightly smaller than the more common 12 Gauge. The most common shell lengths for the 20 Gauge Mossberg 500 are usually the 2 3/4 inch or 3-inch shells.
Barrel Lengths and Options
Barrel lengths typically range from shorter home defense-oriented models to longer options suitable for hunting. Common barrel lengths include 24 inches, 26 inches, and 28 inches. Shorter barrels are easier to maneuver in confined spaces, making them ideal for home defense or close-quarters shooting. Longer barrels provide a slightly longer sight radius, which can aid in accuracy and are favored by hunters.
Capacity
The magazine capacity of the Mossberg 500 20 Gauge generally allows for five rounds to be loaded in the magazine tube, plus one round in the chamber, for a total capacity of six. This provides ample firepower for both hunting and defensive purposes. Some models may have extended magazine tubes for a higher capacity.
Weight and Dimensions
One of the key benefits of the 20 Gauge is its lighter weight compared to its 12 Gauge counterparts. This difference in weight makes the gun easier to carry for extended periods, a significant advantage for hunters who spend hours traversing the field. The smaller size also contributes to increased maneuverability, whether in a crowded hunting blind or navigating hallways in the home.
Construction and Materials
The Mossberg 500 20 Gauge is crafted from durable materials. The receiver is often constructed of aluminum alloy, which offers a good balance of strength and weight. The barrel is typically made from steel, designed to withstand the pressures of firing shotshells. The fore-end and stock can be made from either synthetic materials or wood, providing further customization options.
Sights
The sights found on the Mossberg 500 20 Gauge vary by model. Common options include a simple bead sight, which is a small, round bead located at the end of the barrel. More advanced models may include rifle sights, which offer a more precise aiming system for longer-range shots.
The Advantages of Opting for a 20 Gauge
Recoil
The 20 Gauge offers several distinct advantages over other shotgun gauges, making it an attractive choice for a diverse range of applications. One of the most significant benefits is reduced recoil. The 20 Gauge produces less felt recoil than a 12 Gauge, which makes it more comfortable to shoot. This is particularly advantageous for new shooters, those who are sensitive to recoil, or individuals who plan on shooting the shotgun frequently. Lighter recoil allows for faster follow-up shots and reduces the likelihood of developing a flinch.
Weight and Handling
The generally lighter weight and smaller size of the 20 Gauge Mossberg 500 also contributes to improved handling. This makes the gun easier to carry, especially for those who may struggle with the heft of a larger shotgun. This enhanced maneuverability is beneficial in various situations, including hunting in dense brush or quickly acquiring a target in a defensive scenario.
Versatility
The 20 Gauge’s versatility is another strong selling point. It can be used effectively for various purposes, including hunting upland game birds, waterfowl, and even smaller deer in some regions. Its manageable recoil and weight also make it suitable for sport shooting activities, like skeet and trap.
Ammunition Availability
A common concern with smaller gauges is ammunition availability. While not as widespread as 12 Gauge shells, 20 Gauge ammunition is readily available at most gun stores and online retailers. A wide range of ammunition types is available, from birdshot for hunting small game, buckshot for home defense, and slugs for hunting larger game. This ensures that users have ammunition options for any situation they might encounter.
Practical Applications of the Mossberg 500 20 Gauge
Hunting
The Mossberg 500 20 Gauge is a flexible tool that excels in various environments. Hunting with this gauge can be a rewarding experience. It provides sufficient stopping power to effectively harvest a variety of game while still being manageable in terms of recoil and weight.
Upland Game
When hunting upland game birds, such as pheasant, quail, and grouse, the 20 Gauge shines. The smaller shot charge compared to a 12 Gauge can result in less meat damage, allowing for more of the game bird to be used for food. The 20 Gauge provides enough power to bring down these birds at typical hunting ranges.
Waterfowl
The 20 Gauge can be used for waterfowl hunting with proper shell selection and barrel choke configuration. Shells loaded with steel or tungsten shot can be effectively used for ducks and geese. Proper shot selection and range management are key elements for successful waterfowl hunting.
Small Deer
In certain areas, it is legal to hunt small deer with the 20 Gauge. In these scenarios, slugs are the typical ammunition choice. When using slugs, it’s important to be mindful of the effective range and ensure clean, ethical shots.
Home Defense
The Mossberg 500 20 Gauge is also an option for home defense. It offers a balance of stopping power, maneuverability, and a manageable recoil. The relatively compact size of the 20 Gauge is beneficial for indoor use. In a home defense situation, a shotgun can be a formidable deterrent, providing a means of protecting oneself and loved ones.
When using a shotgun for home defense, it’s crucial to adhere to safety guidelines and consider the potential for over-penetration. Safe gun handling and storage are of paramount importance. Always keep the gun unloaded and locked up when not in use and ensure that children and unauthorized individuals do not have access to it.
Sport Shooting
The Mossberg 500 20 Gauge can also be enjoyed in various sport shooting disciplines. Its manageable recoil and overall weight make it suitable for skeet, trap, and sporting clays. The versatility of the Mossberg 500 20 Gauge makes it an ideal shotgun for beginners and seasoned shooters alike.
Customization and Accessory Options
Stock and Forend
The Mossberg 500 20 Gauge can be customized to fit the individual user’s needs and preferences. Several options exist for customizing the stock and fore-end. Stocks are available in synthetic materials or wood, offering options for different looks and levels of durability. The fore-end can also be swapped out for aftermarket models with enhanced ergonomics or different looks.
Choke Tubes
Choke tubes play an important role in controlling the shot pattern of a shotgun. Different choke tubes can be interchanged to change the spread of the pellets, thus affecting the range and pattern density of the shots. Full chokes provide a tight pattern for long-range shooting, while modified chokes provide a more open pattern for closer ranges.
Sights and Optics
Sights and optics can be added to increase the accuracy of the shotgun. Aftermarket sights can be installed, or some models come with pre-installed sights. For those who prefer a faster target acquisition, a red dot sight or a low-power scope can be mounted to the top rail.
Slings
Slings are an essential accessory for many shotgun users. A sling makes it easier to carry the gun in the field or while patrolling the property. Shell holders can be attached to the stock or fore-end, allowing for quick access to additional rounds.
Comparing the 20 Gauge to Other Options
12 Gauge vs. 20 Gauge
The 20 Gauge, when compared to a 12 Gauge, offers distinct advantages and disadvantages. The 12 Gauge generally delivers more power and range. However, it also produces significantly more recoil and weight. The 20 Gauge offers a good balance of power and manageable recoil, making it more comfortable to shoot, especially for new shooters.
Pump-Action Shotguns
When comparing the Mossberg 500 20 Gauge to other pump-action shotguns, factors such as build quality, price, and ergonomics come into play. While some other shotguns may offer more features or enhanced aesthetics, the Mossberg 500 remains a strong contender due to its proven reliability, reasonable price point, and widespread availability of parts and accessories.
Maintaining Your Mossberg 500 20 Gauge
Cleaning
Regular care and maintenance are essential for ensuring the long-term performance and reliability of your Mossberg 500 20 Gauge. Cleaning the shotgun after each use is recommended. Begin by disassembling the gun according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Use a cleaning rod, brush, and solvent to remove any fouling from the barrel. Clean the action, paying particular attention to the bolt and chamber. Lubricate all moving parts with gun oil to prevent corrosion and ensure smooth operation.
Lubrication
Proper lubrication is crucial for the smooth functioning of the shotgun. Apply gun oil to moving parts, such as the bolt, slide, and action bars. Avoid over-lubricating the gun, as excess oil can attract dirt and debris. Periodically wipe down the exterior of the gun with a rust-preventative product to protect the metal from corrosion.
Storage
Proper storage is also essential. Store the shotgun in a secure location, such as a gun safe or locked cabinet, away from children and unauthorized individuals. The shotgun should be unloaded and the action open when stored. For long-term storage, apply a thin coat of oil to the metal parts to prevent rust.
Safety Practices for All Shooters
Safe Gun Handling
Gun safety is paramount, and every shooter should adhere to safe gun handling practices. Always treat every firearm as if it is loaded. Keep the muzzle pointed in a safe direction at all times. Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot. Be sure of your target and what is beyond it. Never point a gun at anything you do not intend to shoot.
Proper Storage
Safe storage is equally important. Store your Mossberg 500 20 Gauge unloaded and locked up to prevent unauthorized access. Ammunition should be stored separately in a secure location. Ensure that all children and other unauthorized individuals do not have access to the gun or ammunition.
Ammunition Safety
Always use the correct ammunition for your shotgun. Using the wrong ammunition can damage the gun or result in injury. Inspect your ammunition before each use and discard any rounds that appear damaged or defective. Be aware of the range and capabilities of your ammunition and shot pattern.
Eye and Ear Protection
Wear appropriate eye and ear protection when shooting. Eye protection prevents eye injuries, and ear protection prevents hearing damage. Hearing damage is cumulative and irreversible, so it is essential to protect your ears.
Conclusion
The Mossberg 500 20 Gauge represents a versatile and reliable choice for both novice and experienced shooters. Its balance of power, manageable recoil, and overall ease of use make it a popular option for hunting, home defense, and sport shooting. It has become a valuable tool for many, offering a way to enjoy shooting sports and safely protect one’s home.
The 20 Gauge is an excellent choice for those looking for a shotgun that is easy to handle, offers good performance, and is easy to customize. Whether you’re a seasoned hunter, a home defender, or a casual shooter, the Mossberg 500 20 Gauge is a worthy consideration. Its enduring popularity is a testament to its quality and reliability, making it a firearm that will provide years of dependable service.
If you are considering purchasing a shotgun, the Mossberg 500 20 Gauge is a solid choice.
